Coexpression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1Ax1 and puroindoline improves dough mixing properties in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum).

Wheat end-use quality mainly derives from two interrelated characteristics: the compositions of gluten proteins and grain hardness.The composition of gluten proteins determines dough rheological properties and thus confers the unique viscoelastic property on dough.One group of gluten proteins, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), plays

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Monitoring of defoliation in forest stands of the Czech Republic and its comparison with results of defoliation monitoring in other European countries

As a part of International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effect on Forests (ICP Forests), defoliation of forest stands has been assessed in the Czech Republic since 1986.Defoliation is one of the principal parameters reflecting the health of forest stands that is assessed on monitoring plots within this program

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